Showing posts with label Social Distancing. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Social Distancing. Show all posts

The Balancing Act of Herd Immunity - Wealth vs Health

Harvard Suggest Intermittent Social Distancing Could Be More Effective

Harvard University researchers say an on-again, off-again approach to social distancing could be a more effective strategy to avoid overwhelming hospitals and to build herd immunity against the novel coronavirus — but other experts aren’t so sure.

An April study, conducted at Harvard University’s T.H. Chan School of Public Health, championed intermittent social distancing — measures that are periodically reimposed when cases reach certain levels.

According to the researchers’ modeling, as long as social distancing occurred between 25 percent and 75 percent of the time, the world could both build immunity and keep the healthcare system from overloading.  Watch the video on this page.

Social distancing restrictions could be eased under various scenarios, according to the authors—if COVID-19 treatments become available, if hospitals can increase their intensive care bed capacity, if there’s aggressive contact tracing and quarantine, or if a vaccine is developed.
“I think social distancing interventions of some sort are going to have to continue, hopefully, lightened and in conjunction with other interventions,” said Marc Lipsitch, professor of epidemiology and director of the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics and co-senior author of the study, in an April 14 article in STAT.

Here is a video explaining how the no lockdown strategy and accelerated "herd immunity" might be working in Sweden but also explains the risks.   Sweden prefers to use the term "transmission" for fear that they are perceived as giving up on fighting the disease.  Sweden's strategy would mean their death toll will be higher earlier and lower later as herd immunity is achieved.  Thus, Sweden would not likely experience a second wave of transmission in the fall and winter months.   



It also raises the question of how many people are actually following the stay at home orders
Here is a Twitter poll asking if Intermittent social distancing would be effective? 

Why Did LA County Ban Halloween Trick-or-Treating?

The One Day Everyone Wants to Wear A Mask?
LA County Bans Trick-or-Treating?

The one day everyone wants to wear a mask, the idiot Mayor of Los Angeles, Eric Garcetti believes that 'door to door trick or treating is not allowed because it can be very difficult to maintain proper social distancing,' health officials said The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health announced a ban on door-to-door trick-or-treating, carnivals, festivals, live entertainment, and haunted houses. 

Now it appears that common sense has prevailed and they have rescinded their ban and have only suggested. LA County Walks Back Halloween Ban

How Much is a Ticket for Not Wearing a Mask in California?

How Much is a Ticket for Not Wearing a Mask in California

Here is a list of California cities and counties that have implemented fines for not wearing a mask or face-covering in public: Governor Gavin Newsom issued a statewide mask mandate requiring pretty much everyone to wear a face-covering when outside your home and near other people.

In most cities, only about 50% of the population is following the rules so it's not exactly clear how the mask mandate is being enforced depends on local jurisdictions. Some cities and counties are depending on people's goodwill, and others are forcing violators to pay up.  Here is a map of states where masks are required outdoors.

  • Beverly Hills: $100 fine for the first offense, $200 for a second, $500 for third and subsequent offenses
  • Calabasas: $100 for the first violation
  • Compton: 1st violation - written warning, second violation - $500, third violation - $750, and fourth violation - $1,000
  • Contra Costa County: $100 fine for an individual's first violation, $200 for second and $500 for third; $250 for a business's first violation, $500 for second and $1,000 for third
  • Costa Mesa: $100 fine
  • Duarte: $100 for first offenses, $200 for second offenses, and $500 for every subsequent violation within a one-year period from the initial offense
  • Fremont: $100 fine
  • Glendale: $400 for the first fine, $1,000 for the second fine and $2,000 for the third
  • Hermosa Beach: Citations will come with fines of $100 for the first violation, $200 for a second violation, and $500 for each subsequent violation of the face mask requirement within a one-year period.
  • Irvine: Penalties up to $500 per day
  • Los Angeles County: $100 for the first offenses and $500 and a 30-day permit suspension for multiple fines. 
  • Monterey: $100, second violation - $200, third violation - $500
  • Manhattan Beach: $100 for the first violation, $200 for the second, and $350 for subsequent violations.  Manhattan Beach also gave out fines for not social distancing
  • Marin County: Fines between $25 and $500 for individuals, and between $250 to $10,000 for businesses
  • Monterey: $100 for first violation
  • Napa County: Fines between $25 and $500 for individuals, and between $250 to $10,000 for businesses
  • Riverside County:  $1000
  • Salinas: $100 for first violation, $500 for second and $1,000 for subsequent
  • San Mateo County: $100 fine for the first violation, $200 for the second and $500 for additional violations within a year; business fines between $250 and $3,000
  • Santa Barabara: Up to $1000
  • Santa Clara County: If you get caught without a face covering it could cost you up to $500. The price goes up for violations by businesses, they face fines up to $5,000.
  • Santa Cruz County: $100 for the first offense, $200 for the second and $500 for a third within a year
  • Santa Monica: $100 fine for an individual's first violation, $250 for second and $500 for third; $500 for a business's first violation, $750 for second and $1,000 for third
  • Sonoma County: Fine of $100 for individuals, fines between $1,000 and $10,000 for business violations
  • West Hollywood: $300 for the first violation
  • Ventura County:  Up to $1000
  • Yolo County: Fine between $25 and $500 for individuals; fine between $250 to $10,000 for businesses

Map of States Where Masks Are Required in Public

Map of States Where Masks Are Required Outdoors

Arkansas

As of July 20:
Gov. Asa Hutchinson announced that beginning on Monday, July 20, residents 10 years and older must wear masks when in the presence of non-household members and aren't able to socially distance. The order is enforceable and offenders can be cited for a misdemeanor or fined.
As of June 18:
Gov. Gavin Newsom issued a statewide order requiring the use of face coverings in public indoor spaces, including while shopping, riding on public transportation, or seeking medical care.
Newsom's order also mandated the use of masks or face coverings in public outdoor spaces when social distancing is not an option. There was no guidance on how the order will be enforced or if violators will face any penalties or citations.

Colorado

As of July 17:
Gov. Jared Polis announced that residents will be required to wear masks when in public indoor spaces and not able to socially distance from others.

Connecticut

As of April 20:
Connecticut's mask requirement applies to any resident over the age of 2 in a public space where social distancing isn't possible. The rules also apply to individuals using public transportation, taxis or rideshare services.
The state's Department of Economic and Community Development also released mask guidelines for essential workers:
Employees at essential businesses must wear masks or any other material covering their mouth and nose at all times while at work. Employers must provide masks or the materials to make them. All customers under age 2 must wear them, too.
On August 14, Lieutenant Gov. Susan Bysiewicz signed an executive order that requires residents to provide a doctor's note that shows they are exempt from wearing a mask due to a medical condition.

Delaware

As of April 28:
Gov. John Carney ordered residents to wear face masks while in public, including at grocery and convenience stores, pharmacies, doctor's offices, and on public transportation.
Children under the age of 12 are not required to wear face coverings, and those aged 2 and under must not wear face masks due to the risk of suffocation.

District of Columbia

As of May 16:
Mayor Muriel Bowser ordered the use of masks or face coverings when conducting essential business or travel and social distancing isn't possible.
Masks or other face coverings are required in grocery stores, pharmacies and takeout restaurants. On public transportation, face coverings are required if individuals are unable to be six feet apart.
Children between the ages of 2 and 9 are advised to wear masks.

Hawaii

As of April 20:
Both customers and employees at essential businesses are required to wear cloth face coverings. Establishments must limit the number of customers allowed in and keep them six feet apart.
Anyone who violates those rules could face a fine of up to $5,000, or up to a year in prison if found guilty, according to Hawaii Gov. David Ige's order.

Illinois

As of May 1:
    Gov. J.B. Pritzker ordered the use of face masks for anyone stepping outside their house.
    Face coverings are required while shopping at essential businesses, traveling on public transportation, picking up food, or visiting the doctor and it's impossible to stay six feet apart.

    Indiana

    As of July 27:
    Gov. Eric Holcomb announced that a statewide mask mandate will go into effect on July 27 due to the increase in the state's positivity rate and some counties seeing increases in cases.
    The mask mandate applies to anyone who is 8 years and older, and is required in indoor public spaces, commercial entities, while using transportation services and outdoors where social distancing isn't possible.
    The mask mandate will remain in effect indefinitely.

    Kansas

    As of July 3:
    An executive order was issued by Gov. Laura Kelly mandating face masks must be worn statewide in public spaces.

    Kentucky

    As of May 11:
    Gov. Andy Beshear ordered all state residents to wear face masks in public.
    Beshear has said that people will not be fined or arrested for not wearing a mask in public, but the order gives businesses the right to turn away any customer not wearing a face covering.

    Louisiana

    As of July 13:
    Gov. John Bel Edwards announced a statewide mask order for everyone 8 years and older.
    Parishes in the state can opt-out of the mask mandate if they don't have a high positivity rate, but Edwards said only three would qualify to do so right now.

    Maine

    As of May 1:
    Gov. Janet Mills issued an order requiring face coverings or masks for anyone over the age of 2 in indoor public spaces such as supermarkets, retail stores, pharmacies, and doctor's offices.

    Maryland

    As of April 18:
    Commuters must wear face coverings while using Maryland's public transit, according to Gov. Larry Hogan's order.
    Employees of essential businesses and customers over the age of 9 must wear face coverings. Adults accompanying young children should make an effort to get them to wear a mask.

    Massachusetts

    As of May 6:
    Governor Charlie Baker issued an order requiring the use of face coverings or masks in both indoor and outdoor spaces where social distancing isn't possible.
    Children under the age of 2 do not have to adhere to this order.

    Michigan

    As of June 18:
    Michigan requires all residents to wear face coverings or masks in all public settings.
    Businesses are allowed to deny entry to individuals not wearing face coverings.

    Minnesota

    As of July 25:
    Gov. Tim Walz has issued an executive order that requires the use of masks in indoor public places while using public transportation and while outdoors where social distancing isn't possible. Children under the age of 5 are exempt from the mask mandate.

    Montana

    As of July 16:
    Face coverings are now required in certain indoor business settings for counties with four or more active Covid-19 cases, according to a new directive issued by Montana Gov. Steve Bullock (D). Residents attending outdoor gatherings of 50 or more people when social distancing isn't possible will also require face coverings.

    Nevada

    As of June 24:
    Nevada requires anyone in any public space to wear a mask. Nevada Gov. Steve Sisolak's office said this includes while using public transportation, in public-facing work environments, while patronizing businesses, or interacting with others in any generally publicly accessible space.
    "For Nevada to stay safe and stay open, we must make face coverings a routine part of our daily life," Sisolak said.

    New Hampshire

    As of August 11:
    New Hampshire Gov. Chris Sununu issued an order requiring masks to be worn at gatherings of more than 100 people. New Hampshire is the only New England state that does not have a statewide mask mandate in public where social distancing cannot be maintained.

    New Jersey

    As of April 8:
    New Jersey was the first state to require customers and employees to wear face coverings at essential businesses and construction sites. Businesses must provide them to employees and deny entry to any customer who refuses to wear them (though customers can still pick up food or medicines in other contact-free ways).
    Commuters on New Jersey's trains, buses, and light rails must wear face coverings. If they refuse, they may be denied entry.

    New Mexico

    As of May 16:
    Adults are required to wear masks in all public settings, except while eating, drinking, exercising, or for medical reasons. Masks are recommended for children 3 and older, and children 5 and under must have adult supervision.

    New York

    As of April 17:
    Gov. Andrew Cuomo's executive order mandated state residents to wear masks in public.
    All residents over age 2 must wear masks or face coverings when in public and social distancing is impossible.

    North Carolina

    As of June 26:
    Gov. Roy Cooper requires that face coverings be worn whenever people are out and about in public and where physical distancing is not possible. A number of businesses, such as restaurants and hair salons, also will require both employees and customers to wear face masks.
    "We need to all work together so we can protect our families and neighbors, restore our economy, and get people back to work and our children back to school," Cooper said in announcing the requirement.

    Ohio

    As of July 23:
    Gov. Mike DeWine announced during a news briefing that there will be a mask mandate that requires people to cover their nose and mouth when inside public spaces or outside when social distancing is not possible.

    Oregon

    As of July 1:
    Gov. Kate Brown has now required the state's residents to wear face coverings in all indoor public spaces beginning July 1. Face covering requirements are already mandated in eight counties but this would broaden the mandate to the whole state. 
    "I do not want to have to close down businesses again like other states are now doing," Brown said in a statement.
    "If you want your local shops and restaurants to stay open, then wear a face-covering when out in public," she added.

    Pennsylvania

    As of April 19:
    Essential businesses must provide and require their employees to wear masks, according to the order from Pennsylvania's Department of Health. Customers at these businesses must wear masks while on the premises or be denied entry.

    Puerto Rico

    People are required to wear face coverings when in public spaces. Businesses must ensure customers are wearing face coverings.

    Rhode Island

    As of May 8:
    Gov. Gina Raimondo issued an order requiring all residents over the age of 2 to wear face coverings or masks while in public settings, whether indoors or outdoors.

    Texas

    As of July 3:
    Gov. Greg Abbott issued an executive order that will require residents in counties with 20 or more active Covid-19 cases to wear face coverings in public. It takes effect midday on July 3.
    The order says that failure to comply could be punishable by a fine.

    Vermont

    As of August 1:
    Cloth face coverings are now required in public places -- both indoor and outdoor -- and in group living settings across the state anytime it's not possible to keep a 6-foot distance from other people who are not a part of your household.
    There are exemptions for people exercising outdoors, children under the age of two, anyone with a medical or developmental condition that is complicated by a face covering, and those with difficulty breathing.

    Virginia

    As of May 29:
    Gov. Ralph Northam instituted a statewide mask mandate that requires residents aged 10 and older to wear a mask when entering or spending time in establishments such as restaurants, grocery stores, and train stations.

    Washington

    As of June 26:
    Gov. Jay Inslee instituted a mask mandate that requires everyone to wear a mask or face covering in an indoor public space and in outdoor public spaces where social distancing isn't possible.

    West Virginia

    As of July 6:
    Gov. Jim Justice issued an executive order that he said would require all West Virginians 9 years old and up to wear a face mask anytime they are in public and indoors and where they are unable to maintain six feet of social distancing.
    Justice said he issued the order after the state experienced its highest daily total of new cases over the July 4th weekend.
    "I know it's an inconvenience, but it's not going to be much of an inconvenience," Justice said. "If you don't decide to wear the face-covering for yourself if you don't decide to wear it for one of your loved ones or your friends, do it for the 95 West Virginians that have died, do it for the 95 people that we've lost."

    Wisconsin

    As of August 1:
    Gov. Tony Evers issued a public health emergency and an emergency order that requires a face covering to be worn when indoors or in an enclosed space and not in a private residence, for residents who are 5 and older. The order is set to expire on September 28.

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